Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet / Efeitos da suplementação de nanopartículas de Se no desempenho de crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes da dieta baseada em farinha de girassol alimentada com alevinos de Labeo rohita

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC's 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC's 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos das nanopartículas de selênio no crescimento, hematologia e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de alevinos de Labeo rohita. Os alevinos foram alimentados com sete dietas isocalóricas à base de farinha de girassol suplementada com diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas, nomeando T1 a T7 (0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5 e 3 mg / kg), com 5% do peso corporal úmido enquanto o óxido crômico foi usado como um marcador indigesto. Após a experimentação por 90 dias, o grupo tratado com T3 (nível 1mg / kg -1Se-nano) mostrou o melhor resultado em parâmetros hematológicos (WBC's 7,97 × 103mm-3, RBC's 2,98 × 106mm-3 e contagem de plaquetas 67), digestibilidade dos nutrientes (proteína bruta: 74%, extrato de éter: 76%, energia bruta: 70%) e desempenho de crescimento (ganho de peso 13,24 g, ganho de peso % 198, taxa de conversão alimentar 1,5, taxa de sobrevivência 100%) em comparação com os outros grupos de tratamento. As taxas de crescimento específicas foram encontradas significativamente mais altas em T5 do que em outros grupos. O presente estudo indicou efeito positivo de 1 mg / kg de nanopartículas de Se no avanço do crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes de alevinos de L. rohita.

Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBCs 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBCs 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos das nanopartículas de selênio no crescimento, hematologia e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de alevinos de Labeo rohita. Os alevinos foram alimentados com sete dietas isocalóricas à base de farinha de girassol suplementada com diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas, nomeando T1 a T7 (0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5 e 3 mg / kg), com 5% do peso corporal úmido enquanto o óxido crômico foi usado como um marcador indigesto. Após a experimentação por 90 dias, o grupo tratado com T3 (nível 1mg / kg -1Se-nano) mostrou o melhor resultado em parâmetros hematológicos (WBCs 7,97 × 103mm-3, RBCs 2,98 × 106mm-3 e contagem de plaquetas 67), digestibilidade dos nutrientes (proteína bruta: 74%, extrato de éter: 76%, energia bruta: 70%) e desempenho de crescimento (ganho de peso 13,24 g, ganho de peso % 198, taxa de conversão alimentar 1,5, taxa de sobrevivência 100%) em comparação com os outros grupos de tratamento. As taxas de crescimento específicas foram encontradas significativamente mais altas em T5 do que em outros grupos. O presente estudo indicou efeito positivo de 1 mg / kg de nanopartículas de Se no avanço do crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes de alevinos de L. rohita.

Calidad de la dieta y estado nutricional de un grupo de estudiantes de una Universidad Pública de Paraguay

Introducción: La calidad de la dieta se refiere a la composición nutricional y equilibrio de los alimentos consumidos, lo que puede influir en la salud y bienestar a largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la dieta y el estado nutricional en estudiantes de una universidad pública de Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en estudiantes universitarios. Se recolectaron dos recordatorios de 24 horas en días no consecutivos, mediante metodología de pasos múltiples, para clasificar la calidad de la dieta (muy baja, baja, moderada, buena) de acuerdo con el índice de calidad de la dieta (DQI). Se tomaron medidas antropométricas (peso talla, circunferencia de cintura) y de composición corporal, para determinar el estado nutricional. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y pruebas estadísticas como Chi2 y prueba exacta de Fisher. El protocolo fue aprobado por la Dirección de Investigaciones, UNA_FCM_DI N° 262/2021. Resultados: Participaron 39 estudiantes universitarios, de los cuales 31 eran mujeres. El 64,1% tenía menos de 25 años y 21 (53,8%) estaban en carreras de salud. Se observó que el 64,1% de los estudiantes tenían una baja o muy baja calidad de la dieta, el 33,3% una calidad moderada y el 2,6% una calidad buena. Además, 17 estudiantes presentaron exceso de peso (43,6%) y 19 se encontraban en normopeso (48,7%). Se destacó que el 68,2% de los estudiantes sin exceso de peso tenían una dieta de baja o muy baja calidad. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios evaluados en este estudio presentaron baja calidad de la dieta y desequilibrio en el aporte de macronutrientes. A pesar de esto, el estado nutricional más frecuente fue el normopeso. Se destaca la importancia de promover intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de la dieta y fomentar hábitos saludables en esta población.

Introduction: Diet quality refers to the nutritional composition and balance of the consumed foods, which can influence health and well-being in the long term. This study aimed to evaluate the diet quality and nutritional status among students at a public university in Paraguay. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among university students. Two 24-hour recalls were collected on non-consecutive days, using the multi-step methodology, to classify diet quality (very low, low, moderate, good) according to the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) and body composition were taken to determine the nutritional status. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as Chi2 and Fisher's exact test were used. The protocol was verified by the Research Directorate, UNA_FCM_DI N° 262/2021. Results: 39 university students participated, of which 31 were females. 64,1% were under 25 years old and 21 (53,8%) were enrolled in health-related careers. It was observed that 64,1% of the students had poor or very poor diet quality, 33,3% had moderate quality and 2.6% a good quality. Additionally, 17 students were overweight (43,6%) and 19 were within the normal weight range (48,7%). It was highlighted that 68,2% of the students with no excess weight had a diet of poor or very poor quality. Conclusion: The university students evaluated in this study presented poor diet quality and imbalance in macronutrients intake. Despite this, the most frequent nutritional status was within the normal weight range. The importance of promoting interventions to improve diet quality and promote healthy habits in this population is highlighted.

Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Baby-Led Cookies Produced from Rice, Banana and Cashew-nut Flour Blends

Aim: Cookies from rice, banana and cashew-nut flour blends were prepared as alternative to gluten-free baby-led food for children. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria and Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Nigeria between August, 2022 and January, 2023. Methodology: Baby-led weaning cookies were formulated from flour blends as 100% raw rice (RRC), 50% rice and 50% wheat (RWC) and 40% rice, 20% cashew and 40% unripe banana (RCB) and their physical properties, sensory attributes, proximate properties, mineral compositions, vitamin profiles and anti-nutrients were determined and compared with 100% commercial cookie (CMC) with the view to substituting wheat flour with suitable flour blends with enhanced nutritional quality. Results: The peak diameter (10.40±0.20 mm), thickness (6.37±0.06 mm) and weight (17.65±0.04 g) were obtained in RCB. Spread ratio was highest (2.66±0.11) and lowest (1.42±0.01) in CMC and RWC respectively while spread factor decreased from 100% in CMC to 77.19% (RRC), 53.46% (RWC) and 62.47% (RWC). The grittiness, texture, aroma, taste and general acceptability of RCB were significantly similar to those of CMC (P < 0.05). Na, K, Mg and Zn contents increased in RCB. Proximate compositions (%) of the cookies formulated varied significantly from CMC. Peak crude protein (14.49±0.59), crude fibre (4.03±0.02) and fat (32.22±0.00) in RCB, ash (3.28±0.02) and carbohydrate by difference (58.15±0.13) in CMC and moisture (18.19±0.11) in RRC. The peak values of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C) were most abundant in RCB. The proportions (mg/g) of phytate, oxalate, tannins and phenols in the cookies formulated were comparatively lower than the lethal dose, implying that the cookies would be safe for consumption. Conclusion: RCB cookie had excellent nutritional quality, which, as a novel baby-led weaning cookie, could serve as a suitable alternative to commercial cookies.

Evaluación de la densidad mineral ósea en adultos de 40 años y más, Honduras 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la densidad de masa ósea (DMO), la situación nutricional, la ingesta de nutrientes y el nivel de actividad física, por medio de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en una universidad internacional ubicada en Honduras cuyo universo es 376 empleados, con edad de 40 años y más. La muestra de 50 empleados fue estimada usando la fórmula para poblaciones finitas con una probabilidad de 90% y un error de 10%. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas con equipo SECA; densidad mineral ósea con equipo de ultrasonido en radio Sunlight MiniOmni™. Se aplicó un recordatorio de alimentos consumidos en las últimas 24 horas y el cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Los datos se analizaron en EPI INFO v 7.2.5. El promedio de edad fue 48,9 años con 58% de mujeres participantes. El 90% tuvo sobrepeso y obesidad. Se identificaron 14 casos de DMO no normal, de éstos, uno fue osteoporosis (mujer, de 50 años y más); 93% de los casos tuvieron sobrepeso y obesidad, 43% se identificaron en personas de 40 a 49 años y 71% fueron mujeres. La actividad física fue 48% baja. El promedio de calorías consumidas/día/persona fue de 2.517; con 21% de adecuación de vitamina D, 87% de calcio, 275% de fósforo, 166,69 mg de cafeína. Se concluye que se requiere el control del sobrepeso y obesidad, así como el diagnóstico temprano de los cambios en la densidad mineral ósea, particularmente en las mujeres.

The objective of this research was to evaluate bone mass density(BMD), nutritional status, nutrient intake, and physical activity level, through a cross-sectional descriptive study, in an international university located in Honduras with a universe of 376 employees, aged 40 and over. The sample of 50 was estimated with the formula for finite population with a 90% probability and an error of 10%. Anthropometric measurements were taken with SECA equipment; bone mineral density with Sunlight MiniOmni™ radio ultrasound equipment. A 24-hour dietary recall method and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. The data was analyzed in EPI INFO v 7.2.5. The average age of the people in the sample was 48,9 years with 58% of women. 90% were overweight and obese. 14 cases of non-normal BMD were identified, of these, one was osteoporosis (woman, 50 years of age and over); 93% of the cases were overweight and obese, 43% were identified in people between 40 and 49 years of age, and 71% were women. Physical activity was 48% low. The average number of calories consumed/day/person was 2.517; 21% adequacy of vitamin D, 87% of calcium, 275% of phosphorus, 166.69 mg of caffeine. It is concluded that control of overweight and obese is required, and the early diagnosis of changes in bone mass density, particularly in women.

Consumo alimentario en mujeres embarazadas, mujeres que dan de lactar y niños de 0 a 5 años. Centros de salud ciudad de La Paz - área urbana, 2018 / Food consumption in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and children from 0 to 5 years old. La Paz city health centers - urban area, 2018

OBJETIVO: Determinar el consumo de alimentos en mujeres embarazadas, mujeres que dan de lactar y niños de 0 a 5 años, atendidos en Centros de Salud de Primer Nivel en la ciudad de La Paz en el mes de septiembre de 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudió transversal descriptivo correlacional en 126 mujeres embarazadas, 120 mujeres que dan de lactar, 105 niños de 0 a 5 meses y 117 niños de 6 a 60 meses, que asistieron a consulta en Centros de Salud. Se aplicó el método de Recordatorio de 24 Horas (R24H) para determinar el consumo de alimentos, método antropométrico para la evaluación nutricional. RESULTADOS: La ingesta promedio en mujeres embarazadas 1999 kcal y mujeres que dan de lactar 1943 Kcal, es menor a la recomendada; inadecuada en grasas, calcio y zinc; suficiente en proteínas, hidratos de carbono, vitaminas A y C; el hierro es deficiente en embarazadas. Los niveles de adecuación de la dieta en niños de 6 a 23 meses en calcio 88,3%, hierro 75%. De 24 a 60 meses en: calorías 86,3%, grasas 46,9% y zinc 50,6%. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo promedio observado en mujeres y niños es inferior a las recomendaciones nutricionales. El estado nutricional no corresponde al exceso o déficit en la ingesta. La ingesta deficiente de micronutrientes, es debida al consumo insuficiente de verduras y frutas.

Kinetics Approach on the Evolution of the Nutritive Properties, Antinutritonal Factors and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of DPPH during Germination of Two Local Legume Varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata)

Aims: To improve the processes of pre-treatment of legumes for their nutritional valorization. Study Design: Original research. Place and Duration of Study: This study took place at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorization of Biological Resources, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University between February and July 2022. Methodology: Red beans and cowpeas purchased on the local market of Adjamé were subjected, after unitary operation of sorting and washing, to a two-factor design of experiment: seed/water ratio and the soaking time, in order to identify the ideal ratio and soaking time to well reduce phytates. Seeds resulting from this pre-treatment were germinated for 72 h and some key nutrient and functional parameters were evaluated. Results: The ratio 8/9 and soaking time of 18 hours allowed a maximum reduction of 62 and 66.6% of phytate and 72.83 and 67.48% of tanins in cowpea and red beans, respectively. Protein content of these 72 hours germinated pre-treated seeds decreased very slightly and finally remained at high level of 22.02 and 23.13 g/100 g for cowpea and red bean, while reducing sugar levels increased significantly throughout germination to a maximum of 8.19 and 8.13 mg/100 g. Regarding functional and antioxidant properties, a maximum increase in total polyphenols (49.08 and 68.314 mg/100 g) and total flavonoids (13.75 and 39.67 mg/100 g) was observed after 48 h of germination for cowpea and red beans, respectively. Furthermore, this improvement in phenolic content led to a significant improvement in the free radical scavenging capacity of DPPH of 24.50 and 46.38 %. It should also be noted that the germinated red bean showed better nutritional value than the germinated cowpea. Conclusion: This approach of pre-processing germinated legumes at seed-to-water ratio of 8/9 soaked for 18 hours, providing functional foods with guaranteed nutritional value, appears to be a way to improve local diets

Evaluación de las características nutricionales de alimentos y bebidas procesados publicitados en medios televisivos de Perú, 2021

El objetivo fue describir las características y el perfil nutricional de los alimentos y bebidas procesados publicitados durante el horario de protección al menor (6 am a 10 pm, según la regulación peruana) los dos canales de mayor audiencia de la televisión peruana. En este estudio transversal se grabaron 448 horas de contenido televisivo de 14 días aleatorios de 6:00 am a 10:00 pm, entre enero y febrero del 2021, donde se identificaron 2061 anuncios de alimentos y bebidas procesados. Entre 2:00 pm y 6:00 pm (33,9%) hubo mayor publicidad de alimentos. Las categorías más publicitadas fueron bebidas (41,7%) y confitería (17,8%). El 46,9% de alimentos superó al menos uno de los parámetros técnicos (azúcar total, grasas saturadas o sodio) de la primera etapa de la ley peruana y el 88,4% lo haría en la segunda etapa. La mayoría de alimentos y bebidas publicitados fueron procesados y superaban los parámetros de nutrientes críticos.

The objective was to describe the characteristics and nutritional profile of processed foods and beverages advertised during child protection hours (6 am to 10 pm, according to Peruvian regulations) on the two channels with the largest audience on Peruvian television. In this cross-sectional study, 448 hours of television content on 14 random days from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm between January and February 2021 were recorded and 2061 advertisements for processed foods and beverages were identified. The time frame with the most publicity for these foods was between 2:00 pm. and 6:00 pm. (33,9%). The most advertised categories were beverages (41,7%) and confectionery (17,8%). 46,9% of foods exceeded at least one of the technical parameters evaluated in the first stage of the Peruvian law (total sugar, saturated fat, or sodium) and 88,4% would do so in the second stage. The majority of advertised foods and beverages were processed, and most of these exceed critical nutrient parameters.

Prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes dietéticos / Prevalence of sarcopenia in the older adults and its association with dietary nutrient intake

Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes dietéticos. Estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico desenvolvido com 114 idosos adscritos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde localizada em Mossoró (RN). A coleta foi realizada por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, inquérito dietético, avaliação nutricional e antropométrica. Para determinação da sarcopenia, utilizou-se testes como o Timed up and go, de preensão manual e equação preditiva de massa muscular esquelética. Identificou-se prevalência de sarcopenia de 26,32%, concomitante à presença de depleção de massa muscular, baixo peso, fator de risco aumentado com o avançar da idade e desempenho físico inadequado. Constatou-se que a chance dos idosos com idade até 70 anos apresentar sarcopenia diminuiu em 73%, contraposto aos com idade acima de 70 anos e que as chances dos usuários com Timed up and go adequado apresentarem a doença diminui em 75% comparada aos participantes que apresentaram inadequação no desempenho físico. Verificou-se que os idosos sarcopênicos consu-miam quantidades reduzidas de muitos micronutrientes, como: vitamina D, E, C, B2, B3, B12, magnésio, selênio e zinco, além de apresentarem dieta inadequada em energia e proteínas, comparados aos não sarcopênicos. Ressalta-se a necessidade da expansão de conhecimentos sobre alimentação, prevenção e tratamento da sarcopenia.

This study aimed to verify the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly and its association with dietary nutrient intake. Quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 114 elderly enrolled in a Basic Health Unit located in Mossoró (RN). Data were collected using a sociodemographic question-naire, dietary survey, nutritional and anthropometric assessment. To determine sarcopenia, tests such as Timed up and go, handgrip and predictive equation of skeletal muscle mass were used. A prevalence of sarcopenia of 26.32% was identified, concomitant with the presence of muscle mass depletion, low weight, increased risk factor with advancing age and inadequate physical performance. It was found that the chance of elderly people aged up to 70 years to present sarcopenia decreased by 73%, compared to those aged over 70 years and that the chances of users with adequate Timed up and go to present the disease decreased by 75% compared to participants who showed inadequate physical performance. It was found that sarcopenic elderly consumed reduced amounts of many micronutrients, such as: vitamin D, E, C, B2, B3, B12, magnesium, selenium and zinc, in addition to having an inadequate diet in terms of energy and protein, compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. It emphasizes the need to expand knowledge about food, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Coherence and vitals of medicinal herbs, nutrients, and yoga in stress management and psychological stasis

When the time lows of the psychological body, about the human mind, there is a vital relationship between the psychological and somatic body leading to stress and mishaps. This could be a lack of coherence among significant components in the body, which are characterized by hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline that come into play. Cortisol and adrenaline are released when there is usually a response of fight or flight, where these hormones get ready to handle the body’s reaction, and when this happens properly, it yields stress. Stress occurs through all age groups across every ethnicity and population, as the functioning of the mind is very similar. Managing this emerging stress and anxiety condition could be done through the easy way of the modern system of medicine, allopathy. Alternatively, the traditional method comes in handy to maintain such a condition with hardly any long-term side effects. A few conventional techniques like the practice of yoga, support of the proper nutrients, and certain medicinal herbs are bent to see a change in the perspective of coping mechanisms that results in a stress-free environment within the human mind. Many patterns of practices are noticed that there are specific nutrients and supplements formulated with medicinal herbs with significant pharmacological properties and the ancient activity of yoga aid in stress management. Using and practicing regularly can help in an integrated caliber of living. This review article sheds information and collation on such significant medicinal herbs, nutrients, and renounced practices of yoga that play together in the balance of the human body to overcome the distress of the mind. Many studies have noticed that medicinal herbs, nutrients, and specific yogic asanas help handle stress and anxiety, giving a holistic living pattern.

Chewing insects, pollinators, and predators on Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge / Insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores em plantas de Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) fertilizada com lodo de esgoto desidratado

Abstract Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.

Resumo A fertilização com lodo de esgoto desidratado pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à concentração de nutrientes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de plantas pioneiras tais como Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) e de seus insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores e seus índices e relações ecológicas em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada, durante 24 meses. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com dois tratamentos (com e sem adubação com lodo de esgoto desidratado) e 24 repetições (uma repetição = uma planta). O maior número de insetos mastigadores Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) e Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), de desfolha, e do índice ecológico abundância de Coleoptera e de Orthoptera foram maiores em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas do que nas não fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado. Plantas de A. auriculiformis, com maior quantidade de galhos/árvore, apresentaram maiores abundâncias de Coleoptera e Orthoptera, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, desfolha e números de Parasyphraea sp. e T. collaris, e as com maior folhas/galho os de riqueza de espécies de Coleoptera e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Por tanto, a utilização de A. auriculiformis, adubada com lodo de esgoto desidratado, é promissora na recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao aumento dos índices ecológicos de insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e aranhas na área.

Effect of satellite-emitted frequency sequences on Phakopsora pachyrhizi control, on soybean nutrition and yield

The obstacles in Phakopsora pachyrhizi management result especially from susceptible soybean genotypes and resistant fungal strains. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the applicability of the emission of extremely low and specific frequencies by Effatha technology in the soybean Asian rust control, nutrition, and its impact on yield. The in-vivo test followed the detached leaves method, with six treatments: frequencies 1 and 2 individually and in association; the conventional chemical treatment (fungicide azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr); and witnesses in presence and absence of the fungus. Frequency 1 relates to inhibition of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and 2 to ubiquinone oxidase. In the field, frequencies 1 and 2 associated (with the same fungicidal action of the in-vivo study); nutritional frequency; application of azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + mancozeb, and control without application were evaluated. In vivo, the fungicide provided 85% control of the disease symptoms, against 65% of frequencies 1 and 2 in association, which showed a higher efficiency compared to the isolated frequencies. In the field, the rate of increase of symptoms were reduced by all treatments compared to the control. At the end of the soybean cycle, the conventional fungicide resulted in 33% severity against 56% of frequencies 1 and 2 associated, and 69.2% of the control. The emission of the frequency for increased nutrient efficiency stood out positively on yield in relation to all the other ones. The conventional application provided the highest weight of 1,000 grains, possibly a direct reflection of the better control of the disease.

Characterization of the dietary and sociodemographic profile of a group of Colombian vegetarian women in childbearing age during the period 2021-2022 / Caracterização do perfil alimentar e sociodemográfico de um grupo de mulheres vegetarianas colombianas em idade fértil no período 2021-2022

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the dietary and sociodemographic profile of vegetarian women of childbearing age (18 and 49 years) from the Valle de Aburrá Metropolitan Area in 2021-2022 Methods Through an online survey, 232 vegetarian and vegan women of childbearing age (18 to 49 years) from the Valle de Aburrá Metropolitan Area were surveyed regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, amount of time following this eating pattern and, type and reason for choosing vegetarianism, physical activity, use of nutritional supplements and frequency of consumption of certain food groups. Descriptive analyses, association of variables with the type of vegetarianism and multinomial regression models were performed. Results A total of 232 vegetarian women were surveyed: 60.8% were between 18 and 30 years of age and belonged mainly to the middle class. According to the type of diet, 68.1% used an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet, 18.1% were vegan, 9.0% lacto-vegetarian and 4.8% ovo-vegetarian. Among the factors evaluated in their potential relationship with the different types of vegetarianism, it is highlighted that vitamin B12 supplementation presents a statistically significant association when using veganism as a comparison category. Conclusion According to the results, among young female adults the vegetarian eating style predominates, without significant differences as to the educational level, adequate levels of physical activity in most of the population; there was a higher prevalence of ovo-lacto-vegetarianism. Vitamin B12 supplementation was significantly higher in the vegan population, indicating that ovo-lacto and ovo-vegetarian populations may be at high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo objetivou determinar a associação entre o perfil sociodemográfico e alimentar de mulheres vegetarianas em idade fértil (18 a 49 anos) na região metropolitana de Valle de Aburrá (Colômbia) em 2021-2022. Métodos Por meio de um questionário online, 232 mulheres vegetarianas e veganas em idade fértil (18 a 49 anos) pertencentes à região metropolitana de Valle de Aburrá foram entrevistadas sobre suas características sociodemográficas, tempo, tipo e motivo da escolha do vegetarianismo, atividade física, consumo de suplementos nutricionais e frequência de consumo dos grupos dos alimentos. Foi realizada análise descritiva, associação das variáveis com o tipo de vegetarianismo e modelos de regressão multinomial. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 232 mulheres vegetarianas: 60,8% tinham entre 18 e 30 anos e pertencem principalmente à classe social média. De acordo com o tipo de dieta, 68,1% tinham uma dieta ovolactovegetariana; 18,1%, vegana; 9%, lactovegetariana; e 4,8%, ovovegetariana. Entre os fatores avaliados em sua possível relação com os diferentes tipos de vegetarianismo, destaca-se que a suplementação de vitamina B12 apresenta associação estatisticamente significativa ao ter o veganismo como categoria de comparação. Conclusão De acordo com os resultados, entre mulheres adultas jovens, predomina o estilo alimentar vegetariano, sem diferença significativa observada no nível de escolaridade e níveis adequados de atividade física na maioria da população; há também maior prevalência de ovolactovegetarianismo. A suplementação de vitamina B12 é significativamente maior na população vegana, indicando um alto risco de deficiência nas populações ovolacto e ovovegetarianas.

Coexistence of high content of critical nutrients and claims in food products targeted at Brazilian children / Coexistência de altos teores de nutrientes críticos e alegações em produtos alimentícios voltados para crianças brasileiras

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate food labels targeted at children and identify the concomitant presence of claims and high levels of critical nutrients and/or the presence of sweeteners. As a secondary objective, it aimed to list different types of claims and check which marketing strategies are most used. Methods: We collected 409 products, from 8 popular food groups targeted at children, in Brazilian market (i.e., fruit drinks, dairy drinks, sandwich cookies, cakes, breakfast cereals, jellies, corn snacks, and yogurts). The contents of critical nutrients (e.g., sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and trans-fat, and sodium) and presence/absence of sweetener were calculated, considering Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) parameters. Then, we verified the presence and types of claims in these products. Results: Overall, 265 (64.7%) labels presented claims. In three of the eight categories (i.e., breakfast cereals, dairy drinks, and yogurt), all products with claims (50, 34, and 34 products, respectively) had one or more nutrients in harmful concentrations (critical nutrients above PAHO's nutritional profile and/or presence of sweeteners). In the other categories, only one product (of 63 sandwich cookies and 26 breakfast cereals with claims) and three products (of 22 cakes and 28 jellies with claims) had no nutrient in critical concentration. The presence of claims, like "rich/source" of micronutrient, was predominant in seven of the eight food groups. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high presence of claims, of different types, in foods targeted at children, which, for the most part, also have excess of at least one critical nutrient, according to PAHO.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar rótulos de alimentos direcionados ao público infantil e identificar a presença concomitante de alegações e de altos teores de nutrientes críticos e/ou presença de adoçantes. Como objetivo secundário, listar os diferentes tipos de alegações e verificar quais estratégias de marketing são mais utilizadas. Métodos: Foram coletados 409 produtos provenientes das oito categorias de alimentos mais populares entre crianças brasileiras (bebidas à base de frutas, bebidas lácteas, biscoitos recheados, bolos, cereais matinais, gelatinas, salgadinhos de milho e iogurtes). Foram calculados os teores de nutrientes críticos (açúcares, gorduras totais, saturadas e trans e sódio) e presença/ausência de adoçante, considerando-se os parâmetros da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS). Em seguida, verificamos a presença e os tipos de alegações nesses produtos. Resultados: No total, 265 (64,7%) rótulos apresentaram alegações. Em três das oito categorias (cereais matinais, bebidas lácteas e iogurtes), todos os produtos com alegações (50, 34 e 34 produtos, respectivamente) continham um ou mais nutrientes em concentrações prejudiciais (nutrientes críticos acima do preconizado pela OPAS e/ou presença de edulcorantes). Nas demais categorias, apenas um produto (de 63 biscoitos recheados e 26 cereais matinais com alegação) e três (de 22 bolos e 28 gelatinas com alegação) não apresentavam nutrientes em concentração crítica. A presença de alegações, como "rico" ou "fonte" de micronutriente, foi predominante em sete dos oito grupos de alimentos. Conclusões: Observou-se alta presença de alegações, de diferentes tipos, em alimentos destinados a crianças, que, em sua maioria, também possuem excesso de pelo menos um nutriente crítico, de acordo com a OPAS.

Chewing insects, pollinators, and predators on Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge / Insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores em plantas de Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) fertilizada com lodo de esgoto desidratado

Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.

A fertilização com lodo de esgoto desidratado pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à concentração de nutrientes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de plantas pioneiras tais como Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) e de seus insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores e seus índices e relações ecológicas em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada, durante 24 meses. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com dois tratamentos (com e sem adubação com lodo de esgoto desidratado) e 24 repetições (uma repetição = uma planta). O maior número de insetos mastigadores Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) e Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), de desfolha, e do índice ecológico abundância de Coleoptera e de Orthoptera foram maiores em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas do que nas não fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado. Plantas de A. auriculiformis, com maior quantidade de galhos/árvore, apresentaram maiores abundâncias de Coleoptera e Orthoptera, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, desfolha e números de Parasyphraea sp. e T. collaris, e as com maior folhas/galho os de riqueza de espécies de Coleoptera e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Por tanto, a utilização de A. auriculiformis, adubada com lodo de esgoto desidratado, é promissora na recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao aumento dos índices ecológicos de insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e aranhas na área.

Chewing insects, pollinators, and predators on Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge

Abstract Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.

Resumo A fertilização com lodo de esgoto desidratado pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à concentração de nutrientes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de plantas pioneiras tais como Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) e de seus insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores e seus índices e relações ecológicas em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada, durante 24 meses. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com dois tratamentos (com e sem adubação com lodo de esgoto desidratado) e 24 repetições (uma repetição = uma planta). O maior número de insetos mastigadores Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) e Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), de desfolha, e do índice ecológico abundância de Coleoptera e de Orthoptera foram maiores em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas do que nas não fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado. Plantas de A. auriculiformis, com maior quantidade de galhos/árvore, apresentaram maiores abundâncias de Coleoptera e Orthoptera, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, desfolha e números de Parasyphraea sp. e T. collaris, e as com maior folhas/galho os de riqueza de espécies de Coleoptera e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Por tanto, a utilização de A. auriculiformis, adubada com lodo de esgoto desidratado, é promissora na recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao aumento dos índices ecológicos de insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e aranhas na área.

Dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms in a sample of pregnant women in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Nutritional requirements of pregnant women differ considerably from those of non-pregnant women. Nutritional status during pregnancy is critical to maintain health, including oral health, and to promote growth and development of the baby. This study assessed dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms among pregnant women. Methods: Seventy-one women with singleton pregnancy attending a public healthcare centre in Malaysia participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary pattern and nutrient intake of the women were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and 3-day 24-hour diet recall, respectively. Information on sociodemographic and obstetric profiles, and oral symptoms were obtained from self-administered questionnaire. Results: White rice, chicken, green leafy vegetables, granulated sugar, and salt were foods most consumed. Intakes of iron, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, zinc, and fluoride for most respondents were below Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). Cavitated tooth (46.5%), bleeding gums (35.2%), pain upon eating and drinking (23.9%), and bad breath (23.9%) were common oral symptoms reported. Significant association was found between complaint of brown, yellow, and white spots on tooth surface with vitamin A intake, and between complaint of bleeding gums with zinc intake. Conclusion: Intake of most nutrients by most respondents in this study was below the RNI. Oral symptoms were common and a few were associated with nutrient intakes.

Review of recommended energy and nutrient intake values in Southeast Asian countries

@#This review summarises the officially published recommended energy and nutrient intake values in five Southeast Asia (SEA) countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The background information, general approaches and references used for setting up recommendations and the recommended intakes levels for energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate, dietary fibre, sugars,14 vitamins and 15 minerals of these countries were tabulated and compared. The recommended intake values show remarkable similarities in terms of approaches and principles taken, as well as references used as the basis for the recommendations development and the application of the recommendations in respective country. There are nevertheless some differences in age groupings, reference height and weight used, as well as the final recommendations of the intake levels for some nutrients, after adjustment to suit local situations. All five countries had provided recommendations in terms of recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) or recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for almost all the nutrients. Due to the limited availability of local data and resources, countries in the region have referred to several references, including those from Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) consultation report and recommendations from research organisations in United States and Europe and adapted the values for local uses. Opportunities should be created to enable closer dialogue and collaboration regarding future developments in nutrient recommendations for populations in the region. These could include consideration of establishing more appropriate nutrient recommendations and the call for setting up harmonised approaches to establishing recommended nutrient intake values for the region.

Cultivo in vitro de raíces pilosas del arbusto Phyllanthus acuminatus (Phyllanthaceae) / In vitro culture of hairy roots of the shrub, Phyllanthus acuminatus (Phyllanthaceae)

Introducción: En condiciones naturales, las raíces del arbusto, Phyllanthus acuminatus, producen bajas concentraciones de metabolitos secundarios de interés medicinal. Esto abre una oportunidad para el cultivo in vitro, para aumentar la concentración de metabolitos. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones óptimas de cultivo líquido para raíces pilosas de P. acuminatus. Métodos: Se utilizó la evaluación del crecimiento de la biomasa según porcentaje de inóculo inicial (0.50 y 0.10 %), porcentaje de nutrientes de los medios (100, 50 y 25 %) y tasa de agitación (90, 100 y 110 min-1) (N= 15 repeticiones). Resultados: Las mejores condiciones de cultivo líquido fueron: 0.10 % de inóculo inicial, nutrientes al 25 % y 90 min-1 para la tasa de agitación. Hay diferencias entre las raíces pilosas y las raíces no transformadas. Conclusiones: es factible producir raíces pilosas de P. acuminatus a gran escala, aplicando e implementando las condiciones evaluadas de porcentaje de inóculo, nutrientes en el medio y tasas de agitación utilizadas en este estudio.

Introduction: Under natural conditions, the roots of the shrub, Phyllanthus acuminatus, produce low concentrations of secondary metabolites of medicinal interest. This opens an opportunity for in vitro culture, to increase metabolite concentration. Objective: To determine the optimal liquid culture conditions for hairy roots of P. acuminatus. Methods: We used biomass growth evaluation according to initial inoculum percentage (0.50 and 0.10 %), percentage of medium nutrients (100, 50 and 25 %) and agitation rate (90, 100 and 110 min-1) (N=15 replications). Results: The best liquid culture conditions were: 0.10 % of initial inoculum, nutrients at 25 % and 90 min-1 for the agitation rate. There are differences among hairy roots and non-transformed roots. Conclusions: It is feasible to produce P. acuminatus hairy roots at a large scale, applying and implementing the evaluated conditions of inoculum percentage, nutrients in the medium and agitation rates.